Also Known as: Cr 441
Object Type: Reflection Nebula
Constellation: Cepheus
Distance from Earth: 3,300 light years
Apparent Magnitude: 11.5
Coordinates: RA 21H 42M 56S DEC 66 deg 06 min 12 sec
Actual Size: 6 light years in diameter
Apparent Dimensions: 7 arc-minutes x 7 arc-minutes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Environmental Data
Date: July 21, 2025     Start Time: 9:07PM     End Time: 4:36AM     SQM: 16.13
Moon Age: 26.0 days     Moonrise: 1:36AM     Moon Illumination: 13.4%
Temperature: 70 degrees F    Humidity: 59%    Dew Point: 54.7 degrees F
Location: Westport, Massachusetts 02790    Sky Condition: Mostly clear, high clouds later
Comment:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imaging Scope Data
Mount: iOptron CEM120     Camera: ZWO ASI2600 monochrome     Focuser: Optec QuickSync FT20
Telescope: Celestron 11 inch SCT Edge   Focal Length: 1960mm
Focal Reducer/Field Flattener: 0.7 focal reducer     Dew Heater: Kendrick dew strip
Filter Wheel : ZWO EFW 7 position 2 inch  Filter(s): Baader Lum CMOS optimized 2 inch, Baader RED CMOS optimized 2 inch, Baader GREEN CMOS optimized 2 inch, Baader BLUE CMOS optimized 2 inch
Rotator: Pegasus Falcon 2     Power Control: Pegasus Ultimate Powerbox V2  
Imaging Software
Mount: iOptron Commander     Focuser: Optec FocusLynx Commander
Imaging: Sequence Generator Pro     Platesolve: ASTAP    Rotator/Control: Pegasus Unity Platform
Imaging Status
Imaging Software: Sequence Generated     Focus HFR 2.86     Platesolve: Success on 3rd attempt    
Guide Scope Data
Telescope: Stellarvue SVX130 refractor    Camera: ZWO ASI290     Focuser: Optec DirectSync SV35
Dew Heater: Kendrick dew strip    Software: PHD2    Exposure: 2 sec    Binning: 1x1    Tracking Result: 0.55 arc-seconds RMS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Images Taken
Number of light frames (LUM): 30        Duration: 2 minutes        Gain: 100        
Number of light frames (Red): 60        Duration: 2 minutes        Gain: 100        
Number of light frames (Green): 60        Duration: 2 minutes        Gain: 100        
Number of light frames (Blue: 45        Duration: 2 minutes        Gain: 100        
Camera Temperature: 0 degrees C        Binning: 1x1        F-Stop: 7.0        
Total Integration Time: 6.5 hours
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of flat frames (LUM): 25        Duration: 0.027        Gain:100        
Number of flat frames (Red): 25        Duration: 0.076        Gain: 100        
Number of flat frames (Green): 25        Duration: 0.047        Gain: 100        
Number of flat frames (Blue): 25        Duration: 0.0954        Gain: 100        
Flat Field Illumination: All-Pro 'Spike-a-Flat Field standard' illuminated panel
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of Dark frames: 50 (from library)       Duration: 2 minutes        Gain: 100        
Number of Bias frames: 50 (from library)      Duration: 0.001 seconds        Gain: 100        
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Imaging Processing
Imaging Processing Software: PixInsight
Processes utilized: Linear - calibration/integration:
For each of the LUM, RED, GREEN, and BLUE lights: Flats ImageCalibration with Master Bias, Flat ImageIntegration, Images ImageCalibration with Flat Master & Dark Master, SubFrameSelector
StarAlign all calibrated lights using best LUM image as reference, ImageIntegration of each of the LUM, RED, GREEN, and BLUE sets
Linear - Background extraction, Color correction, deconvolution, noise reduction:
LUM GradientCorrection, BlurXTerminator, NoiseXterminator
RED/GREEN/BLUE AutomaticBackgroundCorrection, ChannelCombination to create color image using only Red/Green/Blue, ImageSolve, SpectroPhotometricColorCalibration, BlurXTerminator, NoiseXterminator, DynamicCrop
Non-Linear:
LUM: GeneralizedHyperbolicStretch script, HistogramTransform to darken background, MultiScaleLinearTransform to sharpen, DynamicCrop
COLOR: GeneralizedHyperbolicStretch script, DynamicCrop, Curvestranformation to increase color saturation, SCNR to reduce green artifacts.
ImageBlend script to combine LUM and COLOR masters, SCNR to further reduce green cast in one corner, CurvesTransformation for Saturation
Notes: Observatory computer reset at about 2AM forcing use of the stored sequence in SGP to restart and complete. The last set of images were the green channel and this is when high clouds rolled in.
Click Below Image for Full Size:
Click to Return to Home Page