Messier 76 (M76)
Common Name: Little Dumbbell Nebula
Also Known as: NGC 650, NGC 651, Cork Nebula, Barbell Nebula
Object Type: Planetary Nebula
Constellation: Perseus
Distance from Earth: 2,500 light years
Apparent Magnitude: 10.1
Coordinates: RA 01H 42.4M 0S DEC 51 deg 34 min 31 sec
Actual Size: 1.23 light years in diameter
Apparent Dimensions: 2.7 arc-minutes x 1.8 arc-minutes
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Environmental Data
Date: November 15, 2021 Start Time: End Time: SQM: 18.75
Moon Age: 11.8 days Moonset: 2:39AM Moon Illumination: 90.2%
Temperature: 45 degrees F Humidity: 67% Dew Point: 25 degrees F
Location: Westport, Massachusetts 02790 Sky Condition: Clear, moderate wind
Comment: Installed wind shield on West side of observatory due to wind gusts. PHD2 good calibration
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Imaging Scope Data
Mount: iOptron CEM120 Camera: ZWO ASI2600 OSC Focuser: Optec QuickSync FT20
Telescope: Celestron 11 inch SCT Edge Focal Length: 1960mm
Focal Reducer/Field Flattener: 0.7 focal reducer Filter: None
Rotator: Pegasus Falcon Power Control: Pegasus Ultimate Powerbox V2 Dew Heater: Kendrick dew strip
Imaging Software
Mount: iOptron Commander Focuser: Optec FocusLynx Commander
Imaging: Sequence Generator Pro Platesolve: ASTAP Rotator/Control: Pegasus Unity Platform
Imaging Status
Imaging Software: Sequence Generated Focus HFR 1.45 Platesolve: Success on 3rd attempt
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Guide Scope Data
Telescope: Stellarvue SV90 refractor Camera: Lodestar X2 Focuser: Optec DirectSync SVX30
Dew Heater: Kendrick dew strip Software: PHD2 Tracking Result: 0.65 arc-seconds RMS
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Images Taken
Number of light frames: 382 Duration: 1 minute Gain: 100
Camera Temperature: -10 degrees C Binning: 1x1 F-Stop: 10.0
Total Integration Time: 6.37 hours
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Number of flat frames: 50 Duration: 0.23 seconds Gain: 100
Camera Temperature: -10 degrees C Binning: 1x1 F-Stop: 10.0
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Number of Dark frames: 50 (from library) Duration: 1 minute Gain: 100
Camera Temperature: -10 degrees C Binning: 1x1 F-Stop: 10.0
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Number of Bias frames: 50 (from library) Duration: 0.001 seconds Gain: 100
Camera Temperature: -10 degrees C Binning: 1x1 F-Stop: 10.0
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Imaging Processing
Imaging Processing Software: PixInsight
Processes utilized: Linear - calibration/integration: Flats ImageCalibration with Master Bias, Flat ImageIntegration, Images ImageCalibration with Flat Master & Dark Master, Debayer, SubFrameSelector, StarAlign, ImageIntegration
Linear - Background extraction, Color correction, deconvolution, noise reduction: DynamicCrop, GradientCorrection, ImageSolve, SpectroPhotometricColorCalibration, BlurXTerminator, NoiseXterminator, StarXterminator
Non-Linear:
Stars only image: HistogramTransformation
Starless image: GeneralizedHyperbolicStretch script, Clone to remove artifacts, HistrogramTransformation,
ImageBlend to combine stars only and starless images, HistrogramTransformation, LocalHistogramEqualization, DynamicCrop
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Notes:
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